In Southeast Asia, the main public health issues are infectious diseases and communicable diseases. Public health has significantly improved in Bangladesh over the last three decades. However, Bangladesh faces major health problems. A scoping study was performed according to the York methodology. The study was aimed at discovering the main problems and challenges of public health in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has one of the worst burdens of child malnutrition in the world. Transmissible diseases are one of the leading causes of death and disability in Bangladesh. Unsafe food remains a serious public health threat every year; citizens suffer from the acute effects of food contaminated by microbial pathogens, chemicals, and toxins. Bangladesh is still among the top ten countries in the world with the highest TB load. Pneumonia and other infections are the leading causes of death among children. In Bangladesh only 1% of the population was HIV-positive, but rates are much higher among high-risk populations: drug addicts, sex workers and men having sex with men. The toll of non-communicable diseases, chronic diseases, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic respiratory diseases is increasing in Bangladesh as the population becomes more urbanized. The convergent pressures of global climate change and urbanization have a devastating effect on the most vulnerable populations in Bangladesh. The burden of the disease Bangladesh is further exacerbated by unhygienic living conditions that underline the poor economic conditions of the inhabitants of both urban and rural dwellings. There are still several issues that the Bangladesh health system has yet to address, governance, accessibility, and accessibility are key issues that prevent the implementation of solutions to public health problems in Bangladesh.

South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.6(2) 2016: 11-16